This article explores the global risks associated with a hypothetical Ukrainian invasion of Russia, supported by NATO allies such as the U.S. and the U.K., through offensive and defensive realist frameworks. Offensive realism suggests NATO’s backing aims to assert dominance and weaken Russian influence, using advanced weaponry like the Storm Shadow missile as a show of power. Defensive realism, conversely, interprets Russia’s response as a rational defence against perceived Western encirclement, leading to a potential security dilemma. The study highlights the dangers of military escalation, where NATO’s actions could provoke retaliatory measures from Russia, potentially igniting a global conflict. It underscores the need for diplomatic measures to prevent escalation and maintain global stability.

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